12. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

When an electric current flows through a conductor, it produces a magnetic field around it. This important relationship between electricity and magnetism is known as the magnetic effect of electric current. In this lesson, students learn how to determine the direction of magnetic field lines using the right-hand thumb rule, and how magnetic fields behave around straight conductors, circular loops, and solenoids.

The chapter also explains how these principles are used to create electromagnets, which become magnetic only when electric current flows through them. This concept is the working principle behind many useful devices such as electric motors, electric bells, generators, and loudspeakers. Understanding the magnetic effects of electric current helps students see how electrical energy can be converted into mechanical motion and practical applications in everyday technology.