14. Probability

Probability is the branch of mathematics that deals with the chance of occurrence of an event. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the likelihood of different outcomes in experiments such as tossing a coin, rolling a dice, or drawing a card from a deck. The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the sample space, and each possible outcome is known as an event.

 

Students learn the basic formula of probability, which is the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes. Probability helps in making predictions and decisions in situations involving uncertainty. It is widely used in fields such as statistics, science, economics, weather forecasting, and games of chance.